Travel beyond the place where you normally live and work.
Opening your notes…
Just a moment
Opening your notes…
Just a moment
B.A.(V.S.) Tourism Management
B.A. (V.S.) Tourism Management, Semester I. Complete unit-wise notes with integrated previous-year questions. Course: Basics of Tourism (DSC), Unique Paper Code 6132401101.
For every long answer, write an introduction, explain the answer under headings, give suitable examples, add effects or importance, and end with a short conclusion.
Tourism means travelling from one's usual place of residence to another place for a temporary period. The purpose may be leisure, business, visiting relatives, education, sports, religion, adventure, health, etc.
A person who travels does not always become a tourist. Tourism generally involves five things.
Travel beyond the place where you normally live and work.
The visit has an end and the traveller goes back.
Every trip has a reason, such as a holiday, a meeting or a pilgrimage.
The traveller does not make the destination a new home.
The traveller is not employed by a resident organisation at the destination.
| Purposes of travel |
|---|
| Leisure · Business · Visiting relatives · Education · Sports · Religion · Adventure · Health |
A Delhi resident visiting Goa for five days for a holiday is involved in tourism.
According to UNWTO, tourism includes the activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business, and other purposes.
Tourism is not only travelling. It is a complete system that joins the tourist, the places they visit, the services they use and the people who host them.
Rendering diagram…
It allows people to meet different communities, learn cultures, and build understanding.
It creates employment, earns foreign exchange, develops businesses, and supports local income.
It can protect natural and cultural resources if managed responsibly. Uncontrolled tourism can create pollution and overcrowding.
| Area | How tourism helps |
|---|---|
| Economic | Creates jobs in hotels, restaurants, transport, guiding, travel agencies, and handicrafts. Earns foreign exchange. Supports small businesses and local markets. Develops roads, airports, sanitation, and other infrastructure. |
| Social and cultural | Encourages interaction between people of different regions and countries. Helps preserve monuments, festivals, crafts, food, music, and traditions. Builds national integration and international understanding. |
| Environmental | Supports conservation through entry fees and awareness. Poorly managed tourism causes littering, water shortage, noise, wildlife disturbance, and damage to heritage, so tourism must be responsible and sustainable. |
The free time available after completing necessary duties such as work, study, household work, and sleeping.
Activities done during leisure time to refresh the body and mind.
Leisure: reading, watching a movie, travelling, playing games, or visiting friends during free time. Recreation: going to a park, trekking, playing cricket, swimming, visiting a hill station, or attending a cultural programme.
| Basis | Leisure | Recreation |
|---|---|---|
| Meaning | Free time available to a person | Activity done during free time |
| Nature | It is time | It is an activity |
| Purpose | Relaxation and freedom from routine | Refreshment, enjoyment, and recovery |
| Example | Sunday afternoon free from work | Going for a picnic on Sunday |
Leisure is "free time"; recreation is "use of free time."
Rendering diagram…
Residents of a country travel within their own country. Example: a person from Delhi visiting Jaipur.
Foreign visitors enter a country for tourism. Example: a tourist from France visiting India.
Residents of a country travel to another country. Example: an Indian tourist visiting Thailand.
| Combined form | Made of | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Internal tourism | Domestic + Inbound | Tourism within a country, by residents and by foreign visitors |
| National tourism | Domestic + Outbound | Tourism by residents of a country, at home and abroad |
| International tourism | Inbound + Outbound | Tourism between countries |
Travel for meetings, conferences, exhibitions, trade fairs, training and corporate events.
Visiting Friends and Relatives.
Large numbers of tourists at the same destination, often in one season.
Exciting, challenging and sometimes risky activities.
Travel to take part in, watch or support sports events.
Tourism in villages and countryside areas.
Business tourism refers to travel for work-related purposes such as meetings, conferences, exhibitions, trade fairs, training, and corporate events.
Attending a business meeting in Mumbai, participating in an international conference, visiting a trade fair in Delhi, corporate incentive travel.
Importance:
Generates higher spending
Supports hotels, airlines, event companies, and restaurants
Promotes cities as business destinations
Creates employment
VFR means Visiting Friends and Relatives. It refers to travel undertaken to meet friends or family members.
A student living in Delhi travelling to Lucknow during holidays to visit family.
Features:
Accommodation may be free because tourists stay with relatives
Visitors still spend money on transport, shopping, food, and sightseeing
Common during festivals, weddings, and family functions
Mass tourism means a large number of tourists visiting the same destination, often during a particular season.
Large crowds in Goa during New Year, tourists visiting Shimla during summer, pilgrims visiting Vaishno Devi, visitors at the Taj Mahal during peak season.
| Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|
| Creates jobs | Overcrowding |
| Increases local income | Pollution |
| Develops infrastructure | Pressure on water, transport, and waste systems |
| Brings revenue to the destination | Damage to local culture and heritage |
| Higher prices for local residents |
Adventure tourism involves travel for exciting, challenging, and sometimes risky activities.
Trekking in Himachal Pradesh, river rafting in Rishikesh, paragliding in Bir Billing, scuba diving in Andaman, rock climbing and mountaineering.
| Type | Activities |
|---|---|
| Soft adventure | Nature walks, camping, cycling, easy trekking |
| Hard adventure | Mountaineering, skydiving, deep-sea diving, difficult trekking |
Requirements: Safety equipment, trained guides, medical facilities, environmental protection, insurance and emergency planning.
Sports tourism refers to travel for participating in, watching, or supporting sports events.
Travelling to watch an IPL match, visiting a city for the Olympics or Cricket World Cup, travelling for a marathon, going skiing in Gulmarg.
| Type | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Active sports tourism | Tourist participates in sports |
| Event sports tourism | Tourist watches a sporting event |
| Nostalgia sports tourism | Tourist visits sports museums, stadiums, or famous sports locations |
Rural tourism means tourism in villages and countryside areas. It introduces tourists to rural life, farming, folk culture, local food, crafts, and traditions.
Village homestays, farm tourism, handicraft village visits, tribal tourism, rural festivals.
| Benefits | Precautions |
|---|---|
| Generates local employment | Respect local traditions |
| Supports farmers, artisans, and women | Ensure benefits reach village residents |
| Preserves local culture | Avoid damaging the natural environment |
| Reduces migration from villages | Do not turn village culture into a commercial show |
| Encourages sustainable development |
Tourism education means formal and informal learning about tourism, hospitality, travel management, tourist behaviour, destinations, sustainability, and service skills. It prepares students and workers for jobs in the tourism sector.
| Objectives of tourism education | Importance of tourism education |
|---|---|
| Develop trained tourism professionals | Produces skilled manpower for hotels, airlines, travel agencies, and tour operations |
| Improve communication and customer-service skills | Teaches tourists and workers to respect local culture |
| Create awareness about sustainability | Improves service quality and tourist satisfaction |
| Teach tourism planning and management | Promotes safe, ethical, and sustainable tourism |
| Promote responsible tourist behaviour | Helps local communities understand tourism opportunities |
| Protect culture and the environment | Creates awareness about heritage conservation |
| Improve destination quality |
A tourist is a visitor who travels outside the usual environment and stays at least one night at the destination. Tourists differ according to purpose, spending capacity, personality, travel style, and interest.
| Type of tourist | Main purpose | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Leisure tourist | Holiday and relaxation | Family visiting Goa |
| Business tourist | Meetings or work | Executive attending a conference |
| Religious tourist | Pilgrimage | Visitor going to Varanasi |
| Adventure tourist | Risk and excitement | Trekker in Ladakh |
| Cultural tourist | Heritage and culture | Tourist visiting Jaipur forts |
| Medical tourist | Treatment or wellness | Visitor coming for surgery or yoga |
| Education tourist | Study or research | Student on an educational tour |
| VFR tourist | Meeting friends or relatives | Person attending a cousin's wedding |