Radiochemistry in Energy, Medicine, and Environment — DU B.Sc (hons) Chemistry Previous Year Question Papers

(b) What is meant by radioactive disintegration? Derive an expression for the rate of disintegration of a radioactive material. (2.5+5) 6. (a) What is nuclear pollution? Write about the causes of radioactive pollution. (3+4.5) (b) Elaborate the different methods of nuclear waste management. (7.5) (a) What do you mean by the term "radiometric dating method"? Explain in brief. (b) Write a brief note on the medical applications of radiotracers. (4) (c) What is the full form of PET? Why is it done? Explain in brief. (2+5) (a) What is ionizing radiation, and how does it differ from non-ionizing radiation? (b) Is it possible to carry out nuclear fusion in the laboratory? Explain. (3) (c) Explain a, B and y radioactive decays with reactions. (3+3+3) Energy, Medicine and 2. Answer six questions in all. 1. (a) What are radiopharmaceuticals? Differentiate between diagnostic and therapeutic radio pharmaceuticals with appropriate examples of each along with their applications another words. (b) How can we contain and limit the impact of a nuclear accident to a specific area? particles emitted in the spontaneous decay of 2. (a) Discuss the role of radioisotopes in studying photosynthesis. (b) Explain the difference between acute and chronic radiation exposure, and give examples of each. (c) What are exoergic and endoergic reactions? 3. (a) Describe the different types of radionuclides present in our environment, providing suitable . examples to support your answer. (5) (b) Write the functions of the following components of a nuclear reactor and include a labeled diagram of a nuclear reactor. (2x5) i. Control rods ii. Coolant ili. Moderator iv. Fissile materials v. Containment 4. (a) The C14 to Cl2 ratio in a certain piece of wood is 13% that of atmosphere. Calculate the age of wood, given that half life of C14 = 5580 years. (b) What are nuclear reactions? How do they differ from chemical reactions? (2.5+2.5) c) Calculate the energy released (Q) from the fusion f Li° and D- by the reactiol (5) , D2 + ,Li → Het +, Het +0 where, isotopic masses are,, D'=2.01474 amu, Lio =6.01702 amu and, _Het =4.00387 amu. 5. (a) Explain the following terms: (2.5x3) (i) Mean tissue or organ dose (Dr) (i) Equivalent dose (H,)