Research Methods in Geoscience — DU B.Sc. (Hons.) Geology Previous Year Question Papers

Draw neat and labelled diagrams wherever necessary. 1. (a) Define Hypothesis. Formulate a suitable hypothesis for arsenic contamination in soil near an industrial area. 9 (b) Explain the significance of literature review in geoscience research. 9 2. (a) Differentiate between the following : 9 (i) Descriptive and applied research (ii) Channel and grab sampling (iii) Bibliography and references. (b) What is IMRAD format ? Explain its importance in scientific writing. 9 3. (a) Define research planning. Describe the key steps involved in planning a geological research project, including formulation of objectives, selection of appropriate methodology and setting timeline. 9 (b) Discuss the ethical issues in scientific research, with particular reference to plagiarism, integrity in data collection and analysis and accuracy in reporting of results. 9 4. Answer any two of the following : 9×2=18 (a) Explain the sample preparation, working principle and applications of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). (b) Describe the sample preparation, working principle and applications of Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). (c) Explain the sample preparation, principle and uses of X-ray Diffraction (XRD) in geology. 5. (a) Describe the procedure for preparation of a thin section of a rock sample. 12 (b) Explain the working and applications of a petrographic microscope. 6 6. Describe different methods of data collection in geosciences. Explain the difference between primary and secondary data with suitable examples. Discuss precautions to be taken while using secondary data. 18 7. (a) Give one example each of the following : 6 (i) Random and systematic sampling and their uses in geology (ii) Good laboratory practices. 8. (i) Plagiarism detection software (ii) Image processing software (b) Comment on the following : 12 (a) Calculate the mean and standard deviation for the given dataset : 9 (b) Justify the following statements : 9 (i) Pre-analysis planning ensures representative sampling and appropriate analytical methods, thereby improving data reliability and minimizing errors. (ii) Framing relevant scientific question is most important for research.