Advanced Biotechniques and Bioinstrumentation — DU B.Sc. (Hons.) Zoology Previous Year Question Papers

4. (a) Describe the two types of electron micros`c.opes with the help of labeled diagrams. (10.) (b) Expla.in how confocal micros.copy is superior to fluorespence microscopy. Support your answer with a ray diagram. (5) 5. (a) Explain the princi,pie, instrumentation, and types of high-performance liquid chromatography (b) Discuss its role in separation, purification, and identification of biomolecules. (7) 6. (a) Describe the principle and applications of SDS- PAGE and agarose gel electrophoresis. (9) (b) What is role of native and 2D gel electrophoresis in proteomics? (6) 7. Write short notes on any three of the following : (b) Gas chromatography (d) Circul.ar dichroism Biotechniques and 1. (a) Define the following terms : (i) Limit of resolution (ii) Retention time (iv) Cycle threshold (b) Write the full forms of the following abbreviations: (c) Differentiate between the followings: (3×5=15) (i) Ocular lens and objective lens (ii) Stacking gel and resolving gel (iii) Bright-field and dark field microscope (v) UV Spectroscopy and AAS (d) Match the following : (1x5=5) (ii) PAGE b. Protein Folding (iv) CD Spectroscopy d. Protein Separation (V) Mass Spectrometry e. Magnetic Field 2. (a) Outline the steps involved in digital-PCR. How does it differ from conventional PCR in terms of application? (6) (b) Discuss the role of PCR in detecting genetic mutations and infectious diseases. (5) (c) What are biosensors? Describe their components and applications in diagnostics. (4) 3. (a) Explain the principle, procedure, and significance of Sanger sequencing in determining nucleotide (b.) Describe the workflow and advantages of Next- Generation Sequencing (NGS) over conventional sequencing methods. Discuss its applications in genomics and personalized medicine. (7)